Nilsa Sreevalsan

ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION Achievement motivation is the desire to do better, to achieve unique accomplishment, to compete with a standard of excellence, and to involve oneself with long term achievement goals. It is the desire to accomplish difficult tasks and meet standards of excellence.      Achievement motivation is a person’s orientation to strive for task success, persist in the face of failure, and experience the pride in accomplishment. Achievement motivation in sport is commonly called competitiveness. Competitiveness is a disposition to strive for satisfaction when making comparisons with some standard of excellence in the presence of evaluative others. These ideas are of great importance because they give us an understanding of why certain individuals seem so motivated and others just seem to go with the flow. DEFINITIONS OF ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION Atkinson and Feather (1966): Achievement Motivation is a combination of two personality variabl...

INSTRUCTIONAL MODULES   Modular teaching is one of the most widespread and recognizes teaching learning techniques in United States, Australia and many other Western countries including Asian region. Modular is used in all most all subject like natural science, especially in biology and medical education and even in social sciences as well as in computers education. All kinds of subjects are being taught through modules. It is a recent development based on programmed learning; a well established and universally recognized phenomenon. It considering the individual differences among the learners which necessitate the planning for adoption of the most appropriate teaching techniques in order to help the individual grow and develop at his/her own pace.       DEFINITION ⇨ "Module is a unit of work in a course of instruction that is virtually self-contained and a method of teaching that is based on the building up skills and knowledge is discrete unit." ...

CURRICULUM Curriculum is the crux of the whole educational process. Curriculum is an important element of education. Aims of education are reflected in the curriculum. In other words, the curriculum is determined by the aims of life and society. THE CONCEPT OF CURRICULUM Ø The term curriculum has been derived from a Latin word“Currere” which means a “race course” or a runway on which one runs to reach a goal. Ø If the teacher is the guide , the curriculum is the path. Ø The concept if Curriculum is dynamic as the changes that occur in society. Ø Curriculum is the total structure of ideas and activities. Ø Curriculum should be considered as a broad-based term encompassing every aspect concerning the study of the course. Ø It is now considered as the totality of experiences to which a pupil is exposed within the boundaries of the school and outside. DEFINITIONS   Arthur Cunningham - “Curriculum is a tool in the hands of the artist (teacher) to moul...